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Availability |
Characteristics |
Processing |
Cost Factors |
Organic Cotton |
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Produced in 24 countries |
Cotton is cool, soft and comfortable, non-pilling, stands up to high abraision, high temperatures, and wears well. |
Organic cotton is processed without toxic pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers using non GMO seeds |
Cost is higher than regularly processed cotton until you factor in the human and ecological toll from poisoning of air and surface water. |
Flax - Linen
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Produced in 10 countries |
Flax fibers at their best are soft, lustrous, flexible and stronger than cotton, but less elastic |
Farming requires few pesticides or fertilizers, but finer linen costs more as the preparation process is much more labor intensive. |
GMO flax has appeared in Canada and in Sept. 2009 deemed unapproved and considered contaminated. For flax plants, soil suitability in gravelly, dry or sandy areas is also a limiting factor. |
Bamboo |
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Produced in diverse climates with only Europe and Antarctica exempt. |
Bamboo fabric in its natural simpler form is like flax or hemp and has anit-microbial properties. The softer, more lustrous bamboo fabric is super absorbent. |
The simpler form is broken down by natural enzymes. The softer bamboo is reprocessed (similar to rayon) in a chemical process using lye and strong acids that destroy anti-microbial qualities. |
Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on earth, but of serious concern is the clearing of forests to establish bamboo plantations, thus destroying habitats and ecosystems. |
Hemp |
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Produced in 30 countries |
Hemp is strong, durable, resistant to ultraviolet light and mold. Commercially it is amazingly multi-functional. |
Hemp grows quickly. On the same land it produces 250% more than cotton and 600% more than flax. Requires few pesticides or herbicides. |
Hemp blends easily with other fibers, especially cotton. Its availability and versatility helps to lower costs. |
The fabrics below are wood pulp (cellulose) fibers harvestable continuously after establishment. They have a 3-7 year growing season.
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Eucalyptus Tree - Lyocell |
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Originally from Australia, now produced globally in tropical areas. |
Can simulate textures from suede to silk and makes a wonderful blend with cotton. |
Processing is thru-solvent spinning similar to rayon, and is a re-processing. Substantial amount of energy is required, but process produces a byproduct so minimal it is labeled eco-friendly. |
This fabric is more expensive to produce than cotton or rayon. Eucalyptus forests are prone to fire, are found to be invasive to native species, re-processing costs are high. |
Beech Tree - Modal |
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Produced in temperate Europe, Asia, North America, New Zealand, Argentina, and Chile. |
Twice as absorbent as cotton and takes dye like cotton. Resistant to shrinkage and fading. Smooth, silky surface feels mercerized, yet still prone to wrinkling. |
Process is by spinning reconstituted cellulose. Beech tree fiber is essentially a variety of rayon, produced from polymers as a semi-synthetic fiber. |
Growth in all soils except wet. Beech blight is common. Modal is a relative newcomer to the textile industry, but a fine fiber to mix with other natural fibers. Like other re-processed fibers, energy costs can be high. |